Get several bioclimatic variables

The clima function generates bioclimatic variables commonly used in ecological and environmental analyses. This function builds upon the biovars function from the dismo package and adheres to the methodologies outlined in the ANUCLIM 6.1 manual and O’Donnell & Ignizio (2012). It calculates a comprehensive set of 35 bioclimatic variables based on input rasters for minimum temperature, maximum temperature, average temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, and moisture. Users can specify which bioclimatic variables to compute using the bios parameter. The function supports customizable temporal aggregation (e.g., quarters or semesters) and includes options for circular period calculations. Input consistency is validated to ensure matching extents, resolutions, and NA handling, making it robust for large-scale spatial applications. Outputs are returned as a SpatRaster object containing the selected bioclimatic layers, ready for downstream analysis.

Usage

clima(
  bios,
  tmin = NULL,
  tmax = NULL,
  tavg = NULL,
  prcp = NULL,
  srad = NULL,
  mois = NULL,
  period = 3,
  circular = TRUE,
  checkNA = TRUE,
  stopNA = TRUE,
  ...
)

Arguments

bios

Numeric vector with bios number

tmin

spatRaster with minimum temperature

tmax

spatRaster with maximum temperature

tavg

spatRaster with average temperature. It could be NULL if tmin and tmax are provided

prcp

spatRaster with precipitation

srad

spatRaster with solar radiation

mois

spatRaster with moisture

period

numeric. Length of period to summarize data (e.g., quarters, semesters). If using monthly data, a quarter (3-months) will be used to calculate Bios 08, 09, 10, 11, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 32, 33, 34, 35.

circular

TRUE/FALSE. Calculate periods that include the first and last units. For example, if using mean monthly data and quarters, `circular=TRUE` will also calculate Nov-Dec-Jan and Dec-Jan-Feb.

checkNA

TRUE/FALSE. Check for unexpected NA values in the input data.

stopNA

TRUE/FALSE. Stop execution if unexpected NA values are detected.

...

Additional arguments to define spatRasters that define a static period or unit index for variables calculation could be useful to keep same index along a time series or define a static season of interest, including:

warmest_period: Description of param1 (default: NULL)
coldest_period: Description of param1 (default: NULL)
wettest_period: Description of param1 (default: NULL)
driest_period: Description of param1 (default: NULL)
high_mois_period: Description of param1 (default: NULL)
low_mois_period: Description of param1 (default: NULL)
warmest_unit: Description of param1 (default: NULL)
coldest_unit: Description of param1 (default: NULL)
wettest_unit: Description of param1 (default: NULL)
driest_unit: Description of param1 (default: NULL)
high_rad_unit: Description of param1 (default: NULL)
low_rad_unit: Description of param1 (default: NULL)
high_mois_unit: Description of param1 (default: NULL)
low_mois_unit: Description of param1 (default: NULL)

Value

An SpatRaster with 35 bioclimatic variables or a subset of them:

bio01: Mean Temperature of Units
bio02: Mean Diurnal Range
bio03: Isothermality
bio04: Temperature Seasonality
bio05: Max Temperature of Warmest Unit
bio06: Min Temperature of Coldest Unit
bio07: Temperature Range of Units
bio08: Mean Temperature of Wettest Period
bio09: Mean Temperature of Driest Period
bio10: Mean Temperature of Warmest Period
bio11: Mean Temperature of Coldest Period
bio12: Precipitation Sum
bio13: Precipitation of Wettest Unit
bio14: Precipitation of Driest Unit
bio15: Precipitation Seasonality
bio16: Precipitation of Wettest Period
bio17: Precipitation of Driest Period
bio18: Precipitation of Warmest Period
bio19: Precipitation of Coldest Period
bio20: Mean Radiation of Units
bio21: Highest Radiation Unit
bio22: Lowest Radiation Unit
bio23: Radiation Seasonality
bio24: Radiation of Wettest Period
bio25: Radiation of Driest Period
bio26: Radiation of Warmest Period
bio27: Radiation of Coldest Period
bio28*: Mean Moisture Content Of Units
bio29*: Highest Moisture Content Unit
bio30*: Lowest Moisture Content Unit
bio31*: Moisture Content Seasonality
bio32*: Mean Moisture Content of Most Moist Period
bio33*: Mean Moisture Content of Least Moist Period
bio34*: Mean Moisture Content of Warmest Period
bio35*: Mean Moisture Content of Coldest Period

Note

*The original moisture variables proposed in the ANUCLIM manual are based on the Moisture Index (MI). However, this function allows users to calculate moisture-based bioclimatic variables using other moisture variables as soil moisture or climate moisture index as inputs, offering greater flexibility in input data usage.

References

O’Donnell, M. S., & Ignizio, D. A. (2012). Bioclimatic predictors for supporting ecological applications in the conterminous United States (Vol. 691). ANUCLIM 6.1 User Guide. Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, The Australian National University. Hijmans, R. J., Phillips, S., Leathwick, J., & Elith, J. (2017). `dismo`: Species Distribution Modeling. R package version 1.1-4.